[中文]

Style Details

Styles are used to set the appearance of Widgets. Styles in lvgl are heavily inspired by CSS. The concept in a nutshell is that a style is an lv_style_t variable which can hold properties like border width, font, text color and so on. It's similar to a class in CSS.

  • Styles can be assigned to Widgets to change their appearance. Upon assignment, the target part (pseudo-element in CSS) and target state (pseudo-class in CSS) can be specified. For example one can add style_blue to the knob of a slider when it's in pressed state.

  • The same style can be used by any number of Widgets.

  • Styles can be cascaded which means multiple styles may be assigned to a Widget and each style can have different properties. Therefore, not all properties have to be specified in a style. LVGL will search for a property until a style defines it or use a default value if it's not specified by any of the styles. For example style_btn can result in a default gray button and style_btn_red can add only a background-color=red to overwrite the background color.

  • The most recently added style has higher precedence. This means if a property is specified in two styles the newest style in the Widget will be used.

  • Some properties (e.g. text color) can be inherited from a parent(s) if it's not specified in a Widget.

  • Widgets can also have local styles with higher precedence than "normal" styles.

  • Unlike CSS (where pseudo-classes describe different states, e.g. :focus), in LVGL a property is assigned to a given state.

  • Transitions can be applied when the Widget changes state.

States

The Widgets can be in the combination of the following states:

A Widget can be in a combination of states such as being focused and pressed at the same time. This is represented as LV_STATE_FOCUSED | LV_STATE_PRESSED.

A style can be added to any state or state combination. For example, setting a different background color for the default and pressed states. If a property is not defined in a state the best matching state's property will be used. Typically this means the property with LV_STATE_DEFAULT is used.˛ If the property is not set even for the default state the default value will be used. (See later)

What does the "best matching state's property" mean?

States have a precedence which is shown by their value (see in the above list). A higher value means higher precedence. To determine which state's property to use let's take an example. Imagine the background color is defined like this:

  1. Initially the Widget is in the default state, so it's a simple case: the property is perfectly defined in the Widget's current state as white.

  2. When the Widget is pressed there are 2 related properties: default with white (default is related to every state) and pressed with gray. The pressed state has 0x0020 precedence which is higher than the default state's 0x0000 precedence, so gray color will be used.

  3. When the Widget has focus the same thing happens as in pressed state and red color will be used. (Focused state has higher precedence than default state).

  4. When the Widget has focus and pressed both gray and red would work, but the pressed state has higher precedence than focused so gray color will be used.

  5. It's possible to set e.g. rose color for LV_STATE_PRESSED | LV_STATE_FOCUSED. In this case, this combined state has 0x0020 + 0x0002 = 0x0022 precedence, which is higher than the pressed state's precedence so rose color would be used.

  6. When the Widget is in the checked state there is no property to set the background color for this state. So for lack of a better option, the Widget remains white from the default state's property.

Some practical notes:

  • The precedence (value) of states is quite intuitive, and it's something the user would expect naturally. Example: if a Widget has focus the user will still want to see if it's pressed, therefore the pressed state has a higher precedence. If the focused state had a higher precedence it would overwrite the pressed color.

  • If you want to set a property for all states (e.g. red background color) just set it for the default state. If the Widget can't find a property for its current state it will fall back to the default state's property.

  • Use ORed states to describe the properties for complex cases (e.g. pressed + checked + focused).

  • It might be a good idea to use different style elements for different states. For example, finding background colors for released, pressed, checked + pressed, focused, focused + pressed, focused + pressed + checked, etc. states is quite difficult. Instead, for example, use the background color for pressed and checked states and indicate the focused state with a different border color.

Cascading Styles

It's not required to set all the properties in one style. It's possible to add more styles to a Widget and have the latter added style modify or extend appearance. For example, create a general gray button style and create a new one for red buttons where only the new background color is set.

This is much like in CSS when used classes are listed like <div class=".btn .btn-red">.

Styles added later have precedence over ones set earlier. So in the gray/red button example above, the normal button style should be added first and the red style second. However, the precedence of the states are still taken into account. So let's examine the following case:

  • the basic button style defines dark-gray color for the default state and light-gray color for the pressed state

  • the red button style defines the background color as red only in the default state

In this case, when the button is released (it's in default state) it will be red because a perfect match is found in the most recently added style (red). When the button is pressed the light-gray color is a better match because it describes the current state perfectly, so the button will be light-gray.

Inheritance

Some properties (typically those related to text) can be inherited from the parent Widget's styles. Inheritance is applied only if the given property is not set in the Widget's styles (even in default state). In this case, if the property is inheritable, the property's value will be searched up the parent hierarchy until a Widget specifies a value for the property. The parents will use their own state to determine the value. So if a button is pressed, and the text color comes from a parent, the pressed text color will be used.

Parts

Widgets can be composed of parts which may each have their own styles.

The following predefined parts exist in LVGL:

For example a Slider has three parts:

  • Main (background)

  • Indicator

  • Knob

This means all three parts of the slider can have their own styles. See later how to add styles to Widgets and parts.

Initialize Styles and Set/Get Properties

Styles are stored in lv_style_t variables. Style variables should be static, global or dynamically allocated. In other words they cannot be local variables in functions which are destroyed when the function exits. Before using a style it should be initialized with lv_style_init(&my_style). After initializing a style, properties can be added or changed.

Property set functions looks like this: lv_style_set_<property_name>(&style, <value>); For example:

static lv_style_t style_btn;
lv_style_init(&style_btn);
lv_style_set_bg_color(&style_btn, lv_color_hex(0x115588));
lv_style_set_bg_opa(&style_btn, LV_OPA_50);
lv_style_set_border_width(&style_btn, 2);
lv_style_set_border_color(&style_btn, lv_color_black());

static lv_style_t style_btn_red;
lv_style_init(&style_btn_red);
lv_style_set_bg_color(&style_btn_red, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_RED));
lv_style_set_bg_opa(&style_btn_red, LV_OPA_COVER);

To remove a property use:

lv_style_remove_prop(&style, LV_STYLE_BG_COLOR);

To get a property's value from a style:

lv_style_value_t v;
lv_result_t res = lv_style_get_prop(&style, LV_STYLE_BG_COLOR, &v);
if(res == LV_RESULT_OK) {  /* Found */
    do_something(v.color);
}

lv_style_value_t has 3 fields, only one of which will apply, depending on the type of property it is applied to:

  • num: for integer, boolean and opacity properties

  • color: for color properties

  • ptr: for pointer properties

To reset a style (free all its data) use:

lv_style_reset(&style);

Styles can be built as const as well to save RAM:

const lv_style_const_prop_t style1_props[] = {
   LV_STYLE_CONST_WIDTH(50),
   LV_STYLE_CONST_HEIGHT(50),
   LV_STYLE_CONST_PROPS_END
};

LV_STYLE_CONST_INIT(style1, style1_props);

Later const style can be used like any other style but (obviously) new properties cannot be added.

Add and remove styles to a widget

A style on its own has no effect until it is added (assigned) to a Widget.

Add styles

To add a style to a Widget use lv_obj_add_style(widget, &style, <selector>). <selector> is an OR-ed value of parts and state to which the style should be added. Some examples:

Using lv_obj_add_style():

lv_obj_add_style(btn, &style_btn, 0);                     /* Default button style */
lv_obj_add_style(btn, &btn_red, LV_STATE_PRESSED);        /* Overwrite only some colors to red when pressed */

Replace styles

To replace a specific style of a Widget use lv_obj_replace_style(widget, old_style, new_style, selector). This function will only replace old_style with new_style if the selector matches the selector used in lv_obj_add_style. Both old_style and new_style must not be NULL. Separate functions exist for adding and removing styles. If the combination of old_style and selector exists multiple times in obj's styles, all occurrences will be replaced. The return value of the function indicates whether at least one successful replacement took place.

Using lv_obj_replace_style():

lv_obj_add_style(btn, &style_btn, 0);                      /* Add a button style */
lv_obj_replace_style(btn, &style_btn, &new_style_btn, 0);  /* Replace the button style with a different one */

Remove styles

To remove all styles from a Widget use lv_obj_remove_style_all(widget).

To remove specific styles use lv_obj_remove_style(widget, style, selector). This function will remove style only if the selector matches with the selector used in lv_obj_add_style(). style can be NULL to check only the selector and remove all matching styles. The selector can use the LV_STATE_ANY and LV_PART_ANY values to remove the style from any state or part.

Reporting style changes

If a style which is already assigned to a Widget changes (i.e. a property is added or changed), the Widgets using that style should be notified. There are 3 options to do this:

  1. If you know that the changed properties can be applied by a simple redraw (e.g. color or opacity changes) just call lv_obj_invalidate(widget) or lv_obj_invalidate(lv_screen_active()).

  2. If more complex style properties were changed or added, and you know which Widget(s) are affected by that style call lv_obj_refresh_style(widget, part, property). To refresh all parts and properties use lv_obj_refresh_style(widget, LV_PART_ANY, LV_STYLE_PROP_ANY).

  3. To make LVGL check all Widgets to see if they use a style and refresh them when needed, call lv_obj_report_style_change(&style). If style is NULL all Widgets will be notified about a style change.

Get a style property's value on a Widget

To get the final value of a style's property considering

  • cascading,

  • inheritance,

  • local styles and transitions (see below)

property "get" functions like this can be used: lv_obj_get_style_<property_name>(widget, <part>). These functions use the Widget's current state and if no better candidate exists they return the default value. For example:

lv_color_t color = lv_obj_get_style_bg_color(btn, LV_PART_MAIN);

Local Styles

In addition to "normal" styles, Widgets can also store local styles. This concept is similar to inline styles in CSS (e.g. <div style="color:red">) with some modification.

Local styles are like normal styles, but they can't be shared among other Widgets. If used, local styles are allocated automatically, and freed when the Widget is deleted. They are useful to add local customization to a Widget.

Unlike in CSS, LVGL local styles can be assigned to states (pseudo-classes) and parts (pseudo-elements).

To set a local property use functions like lv_obj_set_style_<property_name>(widget, <value>, <selector>); For example:

lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(slider, lv_color_red(), LV_PART_INDICATOR | LV_STATE_FOCUSED);

Style Properties Overview

For the full list of style properties click here.

Typical background properties

In documentation of widgets you will see sentences like "The _____ Widget uses the typical background style properties". These "typical background properties" are the properties being referred to:

  • Background

  • Border

  • Outline

  • Shadow

  • Padding

  • Width and height transformation

  • X and Y translation

See Boxing Model for the meanings of these terms.

Transitions

By default, when a Widget changes state (e.g. it's pressed) the new properties from the new state are set immediately. However, with transitions it's possible to play an animation on state change. For example, on pressing a button its background color can be animated to the pressed color over 300 ms.

The parameters of the transitions are stored in the styles. It's possible to set

  • the time of the transition

  • the delay before starting the transition

  • the animation path (also known as the timing or easing function)

  • the properties to animate

The transition properties can be defined for each state. For example, setting a 500 ms transition time in the default state means that when the Widget goes to the default state a 500 ms transition time is applied. Setting a 100 ms transition time in the pressed state causes a 100 ms transition when going to the pressed state. This example configuration results in going to the pressed state quickly and then going back to default slowly.

To describe a transition an lv_transition_dsc_t variable needs to be initialized and added to a style:

/* Only its pointer is saved so must static, global or dynamically allocated */
static const lv_style_prop_t trans_props[] = {
                                            LV_STYLE_BG_OPA, LV_STYLE_BG_COLOR,
                                            0, /* End marker */
};

static lv_style_transition_dsc_t trans1;
lv_style_transition_dsc_init(&trans1, trans_props, lv_anim_path_ease_out, duration_ms, delay_ms);

lv_style_set_transition(&style1, &trans1);

Opacity, Blend Modes and Transformations

If the opa, blend_mode, transform_angle, or transform_zoom properties are set to a non-default value LVGL creates a snapshot of the widget and its children in order to blend the whole widget with the set opacity, blend mode and transformation properties.

These properties have this effect only on the MAIN part of the widget.

The created snapshot is called "intermediate layer" or simply "layer". If only opa and/or blend_mode is set to a non-default value LVGL can build the layer from smaller chunks. The size of these chunks can be configured by the following properties in lv_conf.h:

  • LV_LAYER_SIMPLE_BUF_SIZE: [bytes] the optimal target buffer size. LVGL will try to allocate this size of memory.

  • LV_LAYER_SIMPLE_FALLBACK_BUF_SIZE: [bytes] used if LV_LAYER_SIMPLE_BUF_SIZE couldn't be allocated.

If transformation properties were also used the layer cannot be rendered in chunks, but one larger memory block needs to be allocated. The required memory depends on the angle, zoom and pivot parameters, and the size of the area to redraw, but it's never larger than the size of the widget (including the extra draw size used for shadow, outline, etc).

If the widget can fully cover the area to redraw, LVGL creates an RGB layer (which is faster to render and uses less memory). If the opposite case ARGB rendering needs to be used, a widget might not cover its area if it has radius, bg_opa < 255, has shadow, outline, etc.

The click area of the widget is also transformed accordingly.

Color Filter

TODO

Themes

Themes are a collection of styles. If there is an active theme LVGL applies it to every newly-created widget. This will give a default appearance to the UI which can then be modified by adding further styles.

Every display can have a different theme. For example, you could have a colorful theme on a TFT and monochrome theme on a secondary monochrome display.

To set a theme for a display, two steps are required:

  1. Initialize a theme

  2. Assign the initialized theme to a display.

Theme initialization functions can have different prototypes. This example shows how to set the "default" theme:

lv_theme_t * th = lv_theme_default_init(display,                 /* Use DPI, size, etc. from this display */
                                        LV_COLOR_PALETTE_BLUE,   /* Primary and secondary palette */
                                        LV_COLOR_PALETTE_CYAN,
                                        false,                   /* Dark theme?  False = light theme. */
                                        &lv_font_montserrat_10,  /* Small, normal, large fonts */
                                        &lv_font_montserrat_14,
                                        &lv_font_montserrat_18);

lv_display_set_theme(display, th); /* Assign theme to display */

The included themes are enabled in lv_conf.h. If the default theme is enabled by LV_USE_THEME_DEFAULT LVGL automatically initializes and sets it when a display is created.

Extending themes

Built-in themes can be extended. If a custom theme is created, a parent theme can be selected. The parent theme's styles will be added before the custom theme's styles. Any number of themes can be chained this way. E.g. default theme -> custom theme -> dark theme.

lv_theme_set_parent(new_theme, base_theme) extends the base_theme with the new_theme.

There is an example of this below.

Examples

[中文]

Size styles

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES && LV_USE_IMAGE

/**
 * Using the Size, Position and Padding style properties
 */
void lv_example_style_1(void)
{
    static lv_style_t style;
    lv_style_init(&style);
    lv_style_set_radius(&style, 5);

    /*Make a gradient*/
    lv_style_set_width(&style, 150);
    lv_style_set_height(&style, LV_SIZE_CONTENT);

    lv_style_set_pad_ver(&style, 20);
    lv_style_set_pad_left(&style, 5);

    lv_style_set_x(&style, lv_pct(50));
    lv_style_set_y(&style, 80);

    /*Create an object with the new style*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style, 0);

    lv_obj_t * label = lv_label_create(obj);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "Hello");
}

#endif

Background styles

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES

/**
 * Using the background style properties
 */
void lv_example_style_2(void)
{
    static lv_style_t style;
    lv_style_init(&style);
    lv_style_set_radius(&style, 5);

    /*Make a gradient*/
    lv_style_set_bg_opa(&style, LV_OPA_COVER);
    static lv_grad_dsc_t grad;
    grad.dir = LV_GRAD_DIR_VER;
    grad.stops_count = 2;
    grad.stops[0].color = lv_palette_lighten(LV_PALETTE_GREY, 1);
    grad.stops[0].opa = LV_OPA_COVER;
    grad.stops[1].color = lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_BLUE);
    grad.stops[1].opa = LV_OPA_COVER;

    /*Shift the gradient to the bottom*/
    grad.stops[0].frac  = 128;
    grad.stops[1].frac  = 192;

    lv_style_set_bg_grad(&style, &grad);

    /*Create an object with the new style*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style, 0);
    lv_obj_center(obj);
}

#endif

Border styles

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES

/**
 * Using the border style properties
 */
void lv_example_style_3(void)
{
    static lv_style_t style;
    lv_style_init(&style);

    /*Set a background color and a radius*/
    lv_style_set_radius(&style, 10);
    lv_style_set_bg_opa(&style, LV_OPA_COVER);
    lv_style_set_bg_color(&style, lv_palette_lighten(LV_PALETTE_GREY, 1));

    /*Add border to the bottom+right*/
    lv_style_set_border_color(&style, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_BLUE));
    lv_style_set_border_width(&style, 5);
    lv_style_set_border_opa(&style, LV_OPA_50);
    lv_style_set_border_side(&style, LV_BORDER_SIDE_BOTTOM | LV_BORDER_SIDE_RIGHT);

    /*Create an object with the new style*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style, 0);
    lv_obj_center(obj);
}

#endif

Outline styles

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES

/**
 * Using the outline style properties
 */
void lv_example_style_4(void)
{
    static lv_style_t style;
    lv_style_init(&style);

    /*Set a background color and a radius*/
    lv_style_set_radius(&style, 5);
    lv_style_set_bg_opa(&style, LV_OPA_COVER);
    lv_style_set_bg_color(&style, lv_palette_lighten(LV_PALETTE_GREY, 1));

    /*Add outline*/
    lv_style_set_outline_width(&style, 2);
    lv_style_set_outline_color(&style, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_BLUE));
    lv_style_set_outline_pad(&style, 8);

    /*Create an object with the new style*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style, 0);
    lv_obj_center(obj);
}

#endif

Shadow styles

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES

/**
 * Using the Shadow style properties
 */
void lv_example_style_5(void)
{
    static lv_style_t style;
    lv_style_init(&style);

    /*Set a background color and a radius*/
    lv_style_set_radius(&style, 5);
    lv_style_set_bg_opa(&style, LV_OPA_COVER);
    lv_style_set_bg_color(&style, lv_palette_lighten(LV_PALETTE_GREY, 1));

    /*Add a shadow*/
    lv_style_set_shadow_width(&style, 55);
    lv_style_set_shadow_color(&style, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_BLUE));

    /*Create an object with the new style*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style, 0);
    lv_obj_center(obj);
}

#endif

Image styles

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES && LV_USE_IMAGE

/**
 * Using the Image style properties
 */
void lv_example_style_6(void)
{
    static lv_style_t style;
    lv_style_init(&style);

    /*Set a background color and a radius*/
    lv_style_set_radius(&style, 5);
    lv_style_set_bg_opa(&style, LV_OPA_COVER);
    lv_style_set_bg_color(&style, lv_palette_lighten(LV_PALETTE_GREY, 3));
    lv_style_set_border_width(&style, 2);
    lv_style_set_border_color(&style, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_BLUE));

    lv_style_set_image_recolor(&style, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_BLUE));
    lv_style_set_image_recolor_opa(&style, LV_OPA_50);
    lv_style_set_transform_rotation(&style, 300);

    /*Create an object with the new style*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_image_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style, 0);

    LV_IMAGE_DECLARE(img_cogwheel_argb);
    lv_image_set_src(obj, &img_cogwheel_argb);

    lv_obj_center(obj);
}

#endif

Arc styles

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES && LV_USE_ARC

/**
 * Using the Arc style properties
 */
void lv_example_style_7(void)
{
    static lv_style_t style;
    lv_style_init(&style);

    lv_style_set_arc_color(&style, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_RED));
    lv_style_set_arc_width(&style, 4);

    /*Create an object with the new style*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_arc_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style, 0);
    lv_obj_center(obj);
}
#endif

Text styles

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES && LV_USE_LABEL

/**
 * Using the text style properties
 */
void lv_example_style_8(void)
{
    static lv_style_t style;
    lv_style_init(&style);

    lv_style_set_radius(&style, 5);
    lv_style_set_bg_opa(&style, LV_OPA_COVER);
    lv_style_set_bg_color(&style, lv_palette_lighten(LV_PALETTE_GREY, 2));
    lv_style_set_border_width(&style, 2);
    lv_style_set_border_color(&style, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_BLUE));
    lv_style_set_pad_all(&style, 10);

    lv_style_set_text_color(&style, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_BLUE));
    lv_style_set_text_letter_space(&style, 5);
    lv_style_set_text_line_space(&style, 20);
    lv_style_set_text_decor(&style, LV_TEXT_DECOR_UNDERLINE);

    /*Create an object with the new style*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_label_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style, 0);
    lv_label_set_text(obj, "Text of\n"
                      "a label");

    lv_obj_center(obj);
}

#endif

Line styles

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES && LV_USE_LINE

/**
 * Using the line style properties
 */
void lv_example_style_9(void)
{
    static lv_style_t style;
    lv_style_init(&style);

    lv_style_set_line_color(&style, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_GREY));
    lv_style_set_line_width(&style, 6);
    lv_style_set_line_rounded(&style, true);

    /*Create an object with the new style*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_line_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style, 0);

    static lv_point_precise_t p[] = {{10, 30}, {30, 50}, {100, 0}};
    lv_line_set_points(obj, p, 3);

    lv_obj_center(obj);
}

#endif

Transition

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES && LV_USE_IMAGE

/**
 * Creating a transition
 */
void lv_example_style_10(void)
{
    static const lv_style_prop_t props[] = {LV_STYLE_BG_COLOR, LV_STYLE_BORDER_COLOR, LV_STYLE_BORDER_WIDTH, 0};

    /* A default transition
     * Make it fast (100ms) and start with some delay (200 ms)*/
    static lv_style_transition_dsc_t trans_def;
    lv_style_transition_dsc_init(&trans_def, props, lv_anim_path_linear, 100, 200, NULL);

    /* A special transition when going to pressed state
     * Make it slow (500 ms) but start  without delay*/
    static lv_style_transition_dsc_t trans_pr;
    lv_style_transition_dsc_init(&trans_pr, props, lv_anim_path_linear, 500, 0, NULL);

    static lv_style_t style_def;
    lv_style_init(&style_def);
    lv_style_set_transition(&style_def, &trans_def);

    static lv_style_t style_pr;
    lv_style_init(&style_pr);
    lv_style_set_bg_color(&style_pr, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_RED));
    lv_style_set_border_width(&style_pr, 6);
    lv_style_set_border_color(&style_pr, lv_palette_darken(LV_PALETTE_RED, 3));
    lv_style_set_transition(&style_pr, &trans_pr);

    /*Create an object with the new style_pr*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style_def, 0);
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style_pr, LV_STATE_PRESSED);

    lv_obj_center(obj);
}

#endif

Using multiple styles

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES && LV_USE_IMAGE

/**
 * Using multiple styles
 */
void lv_example_style_11(void)
{
    /*A base style*/
    static lv_style_t style_base;
    lv_style_init(&style_base);
    lv_style_set_bg_color(&style_base, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_LIGHT_BLUE));
    lv_style_set_border_color(&style_base, lv_palette_darken(LV_PALETTE_LIGHT_BLUE, 3));
    lv_style_set_border_width(&style_base, 2);
    lv_style_set_radius(&style_base, 10);
    lv_style_set_shadow_width(&style_base, 10);
    lv_style_set_shadow_offset_y(&style_base, 5);
    lv_style_set_shadow_opa(&style_base, LV_OPA_50);
    lv_style_set_text_color(&style_base, lv_color_white());
    lv_style_set_width(&style_base, 100);
    lv_style_set_height(&style_base, LV_SIZE_CONTENT);

    /*Set only the properties that should be different*/
    static lv_style_t style_warning;
    lv_style_init(&style_warning);
    lv_style_set_bg_color(&style_warning, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_YELLOW));
    lv_style_set_border_color(&style_warning, lv_palette_darken(LV_PALETTE_YELLOW, 3));
    lv_style_set_text_color(&style_warning, lv_palette_darken(LV_PALETTE_YELLOW, 4));

    /*Create an object with the base style only*/
    lv_obj_t * obj_base = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj_base, &style_base, 0);
    lv_obj_align(obj_base, LV_ALIGN_LEFT_MID, 20, 0);

    lv_obj_t * label = lv_label_create(obj_base);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "Base");
    lv_obj_center(label);

    /*Create another object with the base style and earnings style too*/
    lv_obj_t * obj_warning = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj_warning, &style_base, 0);
    lv_obj_add_style(obj_warning, &style_warning, 0);
    lv_obj_align(obj_warning, LV_ALIGN_RIGHT_MID, -20, 0);

    label = lv_label_create(obj_warning);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "Warning");
    lv_obj_center(label);
}

#endif

Local styles

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES && LV_USE_IMAGE

/**
 * Local styles
 */
void lv_example_style_12(void)
{
    static lv_style_t style;
    lv_style_init(&style);
    lv_style_set_bg_color(&style, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_GREEN));
    lv_style_set_border_color(&style, lv_palette_lighten(LV_PALETTE_GREEN, 3));
    lv_style_set_border_width(&style, 3);

    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style, 0);

    /*Overwrite the background color locally*/
    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(obj, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_ORANGE), LV_PART_MAIN);

    lv_obj_center(obj);
}

#endif

Add styles to parts and states

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES && LV_USE_IMAGE

/**
 * Add styles to parts and states
 */
void lv_example_style_13(void)
{
    static lv_style_t style_indic;
    lv_style_init(&style_indic);
    lv_style_set_bg_color(&style_indic, lv_palette_lighten(LV_PALETTE_RED, 3));
    lv_style_set_bg_grad_color(&style_indic, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_RED));
    lv_style_set_bg_grad_dir(&style_indic, LV_GRAD_DIR_HOR);

    static lv_style_t style_indic_pr;
    lv_style_init(&style_indic_pr);
    lv_style_set_shadow_color(&style_indic_pr, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_RED));
    lv_style_set_shadow_width(&style_indic_pr, 10);
    lv_style_set_shadow_spread(&style_indic_pr, 3);

    /*Create an object with the new style_pr*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_slider_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style_indic, LV_PART_INDICATOR);
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style_indic_pr, LV_PART_INDICATOR | LV_STATE_PRESSED);
    lv_slider_set_value(obj, 70, LV_ANIM_OFF);
    lv_obj_center(obj);
}

#endif

Extending the current theme

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../../src/themes/lv_theme_private.h"
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES && LV_USE_IMAGE

static lv_style_t style_btn;

/*Will be called when the styles of the base theme are already added
  to add new styles*/
static void new_theme_apply_cb(lv_theme_t * th, lv_obj_t * obj)
{
    LV_UNUSED(th);

    if(lv_obj_check_type(obj, &lv_button_class)) {
        lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style_btn, 0);
    }
}

static void new_theme_init_and_set(void)
{
    /*Initialize the styles*/
    lv_style_init(&style_btn);
    lv_style_set_bg_color(&style_btn, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_GREEN));
    lv_style_set_border_color(&style_btn, lv_palette_darken(LV_PALETTE_GREEN, 3));
    lv_style_set_border_width(&style_btn, 3);

    /*Initialize the new theme from the current theme*/
    lv_theme_t * th_act = lv_display_get_theme(NULL);
    static lv_theme_t th_new;
    th_new = *th_act;

    /*Set the parent theme and the style apply callback for the new theme*/
    lv_theme_set_parent(&th_new, th_act);
    lv_theme_set_apply_cb(&th_new, new_theme_apply_cb);

    /*Assign the new theme to the current display*/
    lv_display_set_theme(NULL, &th_new);
}

/**
 * Extending the current theme
 */
void lv_example_style_14(void)
{
    lv_obj_t * btn;
    lv_obj_t * label;

    btn = lv_button_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_align(btn, LV_ALIGN_TOP_MID, 0, 20);

    label = lv_label_create(btn);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "Original theme");

    new_theme_init_and_set();

    btn = lv_button_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_align(btn, LV_ALIGN_BOTTOM_MID, 0, -20);

    label = lv_label_create(btn);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "New theme");
}

#endif

Opacity and Transformations

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES && LV_USE_BUTTON && LV_USE_LABEL

/**
 * Opacity and Transformations
 */
void lv_example_style_15(void)
{
    lv_obj_t * btn;
    lv_obj_t * label;

    /*Normal button*/
    btn = lv_button_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_set_size(btn, 100, 40);
    lv_obj_align(btn, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 0, -70);

    label = lv_label_create(btn);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "Normal");
    lv_obj_center(label);

    /*Set opacity
     *The button and the label is rendered to a layer first and that layer is blended*/
    btn = lv_button_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_set_size(btn, 100, 40);
    lv_obj_set_style_opa(btn, LV_OPA_50, 0);
    lv_obj_align(btn, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 0, 0);

    label = lv_label_create(btn);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "Opa:50%");
    lv_obj_center(label);

    /*Set transformations
     *The button and the label is rendered to a layer first and that layer is transformed*/
    btn = lv_button_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_set_size(btn, 100, 40);
    lv_obj_set_style_transform_rotation(btn, 150, 0);        /*15 deg*/
    lv_obj_set_style_transform_scale(btn, 256 + 64, 0);   /*1.25x*/
    lv_obj_set_style_transform_pivot_x(btn, 50, 0);
    lv_obj_set_style_transform_pivot_y(btn, 20, 0);
    lv_obj_set_style_opa(btn, LV_OPA_50, 0);
    lv_obj_align(btn, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 0, 70);

    label = lv_label_create(btn);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "Transf.");
    lv_obj_center(label);
}

#endif

Metallic knob with conic gradient

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES

#if LV_USE_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX_GRADIENTS

/**
 * Simulate metallic knob using conical gradient
 * For best effect set LV_GRADIENT_MAX_STOPS to 8 or at least 3
 */
void lv_example_style_16(void)
{
#if LV_GRADIENT_MAX_STOPS >= 8
    static const lv_color_t grad_colors[8] = {
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0xe8, 0xe8, 0xe8),
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0xff, 0xff, 0xff),
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0xfa, 0xfa, 0xfa),
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0x79, 0x79, 0x79),
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0x48, 0x48, 0x48),
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0x4b, 0x4b, 0x4b),
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0x70, 0x70, 0x70),
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0xe8, 0xe8, 0xe8),
    };
#elif LV_GRADIENT_MAX_STOPS >= 3
    static const lv_color_t grad_colors[3] = {
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0xe8, 0xe8, 0xe8),
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0xff, 0xff, 0xff),
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0x79, 0x79, 0x79),
    };
#else
    static const lv_color_t grad_colors[2] = {
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0xe8, 0xe8, 0xe8),
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0x79, 0x79, 0x79),
    };
#endif

    /*Create a style with gradient background and shadow*/
    static lv_style_t style;
    lv_style_init(&style);
    lv_style_set_radius(&style, 500);
    lv_style_set_bg_opa(&style, LV_OPA_COVER);
    lv_style_set_shadow_color(&style, lv_color_black());
    lv_style_set_shadow_width(&style, 50);
    lv_style_set_shadow_offset_x(&style, 20);
    lv_style_set_shadow_offset_y(&style, 20);
    lv_style_set_shadow_opa(&style, LV_OPA_50);

    /*First define a color gradient. In this example we use a gray color map with random values.*/
    static lv_grad_dsc_t grad;

    lv_gradient_init_stops(&grad, grad_colors, NULL, NULL, sizeof(grad_colors) / sizeof(lv_color_t));

    /*Make a conical gradient with the center in the middle of the object*/
#if LV_GRADIENT_MAX_STOPS >= 8
    lv_grad_conical_init(&grad, LV_GRAD_CENTER, LV_GRAD_CENTER, 0, 120, LV_GRAD_EXTEND_REFLECT);
#elif LV_GRADIENT_MAX_STOPS >= 3
    lv_grad_conical_init(&grad, LV_GRAD_CENTER, LV_GRAD_CENTER, 45, 125, LV_GRAD_EXTEND_REFLECT);
#else
    lv_grad_conical_init(&grad, LV_GRAD_CENTER, LV_GRAD_CENTER, 45, 110, LV_GRAD_EXTEND_REFLECT);
#endif

    /*Set gradient as background*/
    lv_style_set_bg_grad(&style, &grad);

    /*Create an object with the new style*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style, 0);
    lv_obj_set_size(obj, 200, 200);
    lv_obj_center(obj);
}

#else

void lv_example_style_16(void)
{
    lv_obj_t * label = lv_label_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_set_width(label, LV_PCT(80));
    lv_label_set_text(label, "LV_USE_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX_GRADIENTS is not enabled");
    lv_label_set_long_mode(label, LV_LABEL_LONG_SCROLL_CIRCULAR);
    lv_obj_center(label);
}

#endif /*LV_USE_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX_GRADIENTS*/

#endif /*LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES*/

Radial gradient as background

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES

#if LV_USE_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX_GRADIENTS

/**
 * Using radial gradient as background
 */
void lv_example_style_17(void)
{
    static const lv_color_t grad_colors[2] = {
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0x9B, 0x18, 0x42),
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
    };

    int32_t width = lv_display_get_horizontal_resolution(NULL);
    int32_t height = lv_display_get_vertical_resolution(NULL);

    static lv_style_t style;
    lv_style_init(&style);

    /*First define a color gradient. In this example we use a purple to black color map.*/
    static lv_grad_dsc_t grad;

    lv_gradient_init_stops(&grad, grad_colors, NULL, NULL, sizeof(grad_colors) / sizeof(lv_color_t));

    /*Make a radial gradient with the center in the middle of the object, extending to the farthest corner*/
    lv_grad_radial_init(&grad, LV_GRAD_CENTER, LV_GRAD_CENTER, LV_GRAD_RIGHT, LV_GRAD_BOTTOM, LV_GRAD_EXTEND_PAD);

    /*Set gradient as background*/
    lv_style_set_bg_grad(&style, &grad);

    /*Create an object with the new style*/
    lv_obj_t * obj = lv_obj_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(obj, &style, 0);
    lv_obj_set_size(obj, width, height);
    lv_obj_center(obj);
}

#else

void lv_example_style_17(void)
{
    lv_obj_t * label = lv_label_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_set_width(label, LV_PCT(80));
    lv_label_set_text(label, "LV_USE_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX_GRADIENTS is not enabled");
    lv_label_set_long_mode(label, LV_LABEL_LONG_SCROLL_CIRCULAR);
    lv_obj_center(label);
}

#endif /*LV_USE_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX_GRADIENTS*/

#endif /*LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES*/

Gradients for button background

C code  

 View on GitHub
#include "../lv_examples.h"
#if LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES

#if LV_USE_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX_GRADIENTS

/**
 * Using various gradients for button background
 */
void lv_example_style_18(void)
{
    static const lv_color_t grad_colors[2] = {
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0x26, 0xa0, 0xda),
        LV_COLOR_MAKE(0x31, 0x47, 0x55),
    };

    /*Create a linear gradient going from the top left corner to the bottom at an angle, with reflected color map*/
    static lv_style_t style_with_linear_gradient_bg;
    static lv_grad_dsc_t linear_gradient_dsc;     /*NOTE: the gradient descriptor must be static or global variable!*/

    lv_style_init(&style_with_linear_gradient_bg);
    lv_gradient_init_stops(&linear_gradient_dsc, grad_colors, NULL, NULL, sizeof(grad_colors) / sizeof(lv_color_t));
    lv_grad_linear_init(&linear_gradient_dsc, lv_pct(0), lv_pct(0), lv_pct(20), lv_pct(100), LV_GRAD_EXTEND_REFLECT);
    lv_style_set_bg_grad(&style_with_linear_gradient_bg, &linear_gradient_dsc);
    lv_style_set_bg_opa(&style_with_linear_gradient_bg, LV_OPA_COVER);

    /*Create a radial gradient with the center in the top left 1/3rd of the object, extending to the bottom right corner, with reflected color map*/
    static lv_style_t style_with_radial_gradient_bg;
    static lv_grad_dsc_t radial_gradient_dsc;     /*NOTE: the gradient descriptor must be static or global variable!*/

    lv_style_init(&style_with_radial_gradient_bg);
    lv_gradient_init_stops(&radial_gradient_dsc, grad_colors, NULL, NULL, sizeof(grad_colors) / sizeof(lv_color_t));
    lv_grad_radial_init(&radial_gradient_dsc, lv_pct(30), lv_pct(30), lv_pct(100), lv_pct(100), LV_GRAD_EXTEND_REFLECT);
    lv_style_set_bg_grad(&style_with_radial_gradient_bg, &radial_gradient_dsc);
    lv_style_set_bg_opa(&style_with_radial_gradient_bg, LV_OPA_COVER);

    /*Create buttons with different gradient styles*/

    lv_obj_t * btn;
    lv_obj_t * label;

    /*Simple horizontal gradient*/
    btn = lv_button_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(btn, grad_colors[0], 0);
    lv_obj_set_style_bg_grad_color(btn, grad_colors[1], 0);
    lv_obj_set_style_bg_grad_dir(btn, LV_GRAD_DIR_HOR, 0);
    lv_obj_set_size(btn, 150, 50);
    lv_obj_align(btn, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 0, -100);

    label = lv_label_create(btn);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "Horizontal");
    lv_obj_center(label);

    /*Simple vertical gradient*/
    btn = lv_button_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_set_style_bg_color(btn, grad_colors[0], 0);
    lv_obj_set_style_bg_grad_color(btn, grad_colors[1], 0);
    lv_obj_set_style_bg_grad_dir(btn, LV_GRAD_DIR_VER, 0);
    lv_obj_set_size(btn, 150, 50);
    lv_obj_align(btn, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 0, -40);

    label = lv_label_create(btn);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "Vertical");
    lv_obj_center(label);

    /*Complex linear gradient*/
    btn = lv_button_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(btn, &style_with_linear_gradient_bg, 0);
    lv_obj_set_size(btn, 150, 50);
    lv_obj_align(btn, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 0, 20);

    label = lv_label_create(btn);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "Linear");
    lv_obj_center(label);

    /*Complex radial gradient*/
    btn = lv_button_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_add_style(btn, &style_with_radial_gradient_bg, 0);
    lv_obj_set_size(btn, 150, 50);
    lv_obj_align(btn, LV_ALIGN_CENTER, 0, 80);

    label = lv_label_create(btn);
    lv_label_set_text(label, "Radial");
    lv_obj_center(label);
}

#else

void lv_example_style_18(void)
{
    lv_obj_t * label = lv_label_create(lv_screen_active());
    lv_obj_set_width(label, LV_PCT(80));
    lv_label_set_text(label, "LV_USE_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX_GRADIENTS is not enabled");
    lv_label_set_long_mode(label, LV_LABEL_LONG_SCROLL_CIRCULAR);
    lv_obj_center(label);
}

#endif /*LV_USE_DRAW_SW_COMPLEX_GRADIENTS*/

#endif /*LV_BUILD_EXAMPLES*/

API

lv_style.h

lv_types.h

lv_obj_property_names.h

lv_style_gen.h

lv_api_map_v8.h

lv_obj_style.h

lv_obj_property.h